Due to different construction conditions and requirements, optical cables may be laid in different ways in various scenarios. Common installation methods include direct burial, overhead, pipeline, underwater, and indoor installations. 1. Direct Burial Installation Direct burial, also known as direct burial installation, refers to laying optical cables directly underground in the soil. Typically, in regular […]

5G RAN can be deployed using both NSA and SA architectures. Non-Standalone (NSA) deployment involves the use of Dual Connectivity (DC). The initial 5G NSA deployment is referred to as EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), where the master node is the eNB, and the secondary node is the en-gNB (ENDC gNB). At the same time, when

Passive Optical Network (PON) technology has become one of the mainstream technologies for Fiber-to-the-X (FTTx) network construction. With the continuous growth in user demand for high bandwidth, especially with the popularity of high-traffic applications such as OTT videos and 4K TV, operators are incorporating 10G GPON technology into their plans to meet the urgent need

1.PON Network 1.1 Introduction to PON Network PON (Passive Optical Network) represents a groundbreaking optical fiber access technology utilizing passive components like optical splitters to forge a direct physical link between users and network providers. The core advantage of PON lies in its capability to furnish high-bandwidth, low-latency connections, concurrently diminishing the costs tied to