Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that combines two or more optical carrier signals of different wavelengths (carrying various information) at the transmitting end through a multiplexer (also called a combiner, Multiplexer) and couples them to the same optical fiber of the optical line for transmission; at the receiving end, the optical carriers of

Communication poles, also known as electric poles or telegraph poles, are supporting structures in power or communication line systems. They are usually made of wood, reinforced concrete or other materials and are used to carry and support overhead lines. Before the 1970s, most of the communication poles used were antiseptic wooden poles. At that time,

Under normal circumstances, the downstream attenuation of the ODN link loss should be about 0.13dB/km lower than the upstream attenuation. GPON networks use 1490nm/1310nm wavelengths for downstream and upstream, respectively. The main fibers used in ODN (optical distribution network) are G.652D and G.657A2. The attenuation of these two fibers at 1490nm/1310nm wavelengths is 0.23dB/km and

The optical cable distribution frame is the interface device of the trunk optical cable node in the optical fiber access network. After the optical cable is introduced into the optical cable distribution frame, it is fixed, fused, and wired, and then the network connection between the trunk layer and the wiring layer is realized using

At present, compared with overhead optical cables in the suburbs, urban optical cables are mainly laid through underground communication pipelines. Communication pipelines are generally composed of pipe groups buried under the surface and manholes (handholes) at both ends of the pipe groups, as shown in Figure. The pipe group is usually composed of one or

Mobile communication base station is a form of radio station, which refers to a radio transceiver station that transmits information between mobile phone terminals through a mobile communication exchange center in a certain radio coverage area. The construction of mobile communication base stations is an important part of the investment of mobile communication operators, and